This is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the health sector in the EU. The report aims to bring new insights into the reality of the health sector by mapping and studying cyber incidents from January 2021 to March 2023. It identifies prime threats, actors, impacts and trends based on the analysis of cyberattacks targeting health organisations over a period of more than 2 years.